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    <title>Vincent Ledezma&apos;s Online Journal</title>
    <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/</link>
    <description>My Thoughts on MGMT 250</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <pubDate>Mon, 11 Dec 2006 21:46:43 EST</pubDate>
    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 11 Dec 2006 21:46:43 EST</lastBuildDate>
    <managingEditor>vincent.ledezma@case.edu</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>vincent.ledezma@case.edu</webMaster>
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    <item>
      <title>Leadership: University Studies</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_university_studies</link>
      <description>When people think of the University of Michigan and The Ohio State University they tend to think about football. However,...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_university_studies</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Mon, 11 Dec 2006 21:46:43 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When people think of the University of Michigan and The Ohio State University they tend to think about football. However, both of these universities have also done studies on leadership from the 1930’s to 1950’s (Tucker 224). The University of Michigan studies from this time resulted in a one dimensional leadership model in which on one end of the spectrum there is job-centeredness, the extent in which a leader takes charge of getting a job done, on the other end of the spectrum there is employee-centeredness, leaders who place emphasis on building relationships instead of simply on getting a job done. The Ohio State University study of the time resulted in a two dimensional model with a consideration axis, essentially the same as  employee-centeredness from the University of Michigan study, and a initiating structure axis, essentially the job-centeredness from the University of Michigan study. The overall result of these studies has influenced business and influenced phrases such as, "A happy worker is a productive worker."</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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      <title>Leadership &amp; Management: Trait Theory</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_management_trait_theory</link>
      <description>Some people believe that there are six core traits that contribute to effective leadership: drive, motivation, honesty and integrity, self-confidence,...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_management_trait_theory</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Mon, 11 Dec 2006 21:08:20 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Some people believe that there are six core traits that contribute to effective leadership: drive, motivation, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, knowledge of the business and cognitive ability (Tucker 222). The drive trait reflects ambition, energy tenacity and initiative. The motivation is the desire to influence and lead others. Honesty and integrity contribute to build trust in the credibility of the leader. Self-confidence is the ability to convince others that ones actions are correct. Knowledge of the business is a strong knowledge of their company, industry and technical matters. Finally, cognitive ability is an above average intelligence that allows one to absorb complex information and use it to develop successful strategies.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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      <title>Leadership: Admired Characteristics</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_admired_characteristics</link>
      <description>In examining the most admired characteristics followers see in leaders the first four are honesty, forward-looking, inspiration and competency, in...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_admired_characteristics</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Mon, 11 Dec 2006 20:05:20 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In examining the most admired characteristics followers see in leaders the first four are honesty, forward-looking, inspiration and competency, in that order (Tucker pg 220). These are likely the most important four characteristics because they suggest that the leader will make the correct decisions for the company and the employees. Of these major characteristics the honesty shows that the leader acts on strongly held beliefs and values. The forward-looking characteristic shows a vision for the future of the organization. The inspiration is the vehicle in which a leader communicates his or her vision and the competency shows the knowledge and ability to accomplish communicated goals.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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      <title>Leadership: X and Y</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_x_and_y</link>
      <description>In trying to understand a leader&apos;s behavior Douglas McGregor came up with the X and Y theories of leadership (Tucker...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_x_and_y</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Mon, 11 Dec 2006 18:07:28 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In trying to understand a leader's behavior Douglas McGregor came up with the X and Y theories of leadership (Tucker 226). The Theory X leader, or autocratic leader, in essence holds the view that employees work for money and status rewards. The Theory Y leader, or participative leader, in essence holds the view that employees aspire to independent responsibility and self fulfillment. Also, a major part of Theory Y leaders is the view that employees need to feel respected as capable of assuming responsibility and correcting their mistakes on their own. Based upon Management 250 lectures and the HR Simulation many companies will favor Theory Y leaders as managers because of their ability to better motivate employees compared to Theory X leaders.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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      <title>Leadership: Relationship vs. Task</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_relationship_vs_task</link>
      <description>When trying to get work done there can be many ways to examine the needed leadership. Two general leadership orientations...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/12/11/leadership_relationship_vs_task</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Mon, 11 Dec 2006 15:00:04 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When trying to get work done there can be many ways to examine the needed leadership. Two general leadership orientations using contingency models (Tucker 228) are the relationship oriented leaders and the task oriented leaders. The relationship oriented leader focuses on forming and maintaining good work relationships with their subordinates in order to get things done. The task oriented leader focuses on the work to get done and does not focus on the relationship building. Generally, it is thought that relationship oriented leaders do best in situations that are either very difficult or very easy.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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      <title>Leadership: Leader in training</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/09/leadership_leader_in_training</link>
      <description>Some people are born leaders, others are not born leaders. Which ever is the case, effective leadership models, such as...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/09/leadership_leader_in_training</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Thu, 09 Nov 2006 22:14:04 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Some people are born leaders, others are not born leaders. Which ever is the case, effective leadership models, such as the one seen in "The Leadership Challenge" by Kouzes and Posner, involve five specific behavioral practices.</p>

<p>Leaders look for opportunities to change the status quo. Leaders enlist others to see a similar future as they do. Leaders strengthen others by building strong teams. Leaders set the example, create standards of excellence and help people as they work toward objectives. Leaders recognize individual contributions and celebrate their accomplishments.</p>

<p>Whether or not you are a born leader, if you strive to improve yourself on these five practices you have one critical component that these five practices could not do without, self-motivation. So even if you are not a born leader but you have self-motivation it might be more accurate to say you are a leader in training.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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      <title>Leadership: Initating Change</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/09/leadership_initating_change</link>
      <description>As a leader it can be difficult to initiate change. Often times in the process of change comments such as,...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/09/leadership_initating_change</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Thu, 09 Nov 2006 21:49:15 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As a leader it can be difficult to initiate change. Often times in the process of change comments such as, "We tried that before and it did not work," or "No one will want to do that" arise. These comments can sometimes be correct because the method used to initiate change can sometimes force the attempt at change to fail. Many times attempts at change fail to incorporate seven certain keys to successful changes.</p>

<p>First, there has to be a clear need for change. Second, the objectives of the change must be clearly stated. Third, group participation to clarify the changes might be needed. Fourth, broad guidelines to achieve the objectives must be stated. Fifth, details of a change that will most affect a group should be left to that group. Sixth, state the expected rewards from the change. Seventh, reward those who helped in the change (Tucker pg 339).</p>

<p>If an organization follows these key parts it should be possible for them to make productive changes.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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    <item>
      <title>Leadership: Helping People Who Get Things Done</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/09/leadership_helping_people_who_get_things_done</link>
      <description>In student organizations there tend to be two types of people. People who get things done and people who do...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/09/leadership_helping_people_who_get_things_done</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Thu, 09 Nov 2006 19:45:06 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In student organizations there tend to be two types of people. People who get things done and people who do not get things done. In further examination of this observation there is one missing plane of orientation, the idea of leadership development stages. Richard Draft suggests that there are four stages of development: unconscious incompetence, conscious incompetence, conscious competence and unconscious competence.</p>

<p>In the unconscious incompetence stage individuals have minimal leadership experience or competence and fail to realize that fact. In the conscious incompetence stage individuals realize their short comings but still do not possess the requisite skills. In the conscious competence stage individuals realize where they are doing well and where they still need improvement. In the unconscious competence stage individuals apply their skills naturally without realizing it(Tucker 217).</p>

<p>After reflecting on these leadership development stages it is clearly important for more developed people to help out individuals who are less developed in order to further the leadership development of the less developed individual.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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      <title>Leadership &amp; Mangement: Horses of Different Colors</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/08/leadership_mangement_horses_of_different_colors</link>
      <description>When I usually think of a person in a high position, I think of a leader with the title of...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/08/leadership_mangement_horses_of_different_colors</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Wed, 08 Nov 2006 23:26:14 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When I usually think of a person in a high position, I think of a leader with the title of a manager. As I have learned in life so far and have read recently, that is usually not the case. Most often in business and many other aspects of life, the person in the upper position is simply a manager, not a leader.</p>

<p>Usually people associate management with leadership, however this is simply incorrect. Managing is not the same as leading (Tucker pg 218). In the operations of organizations, a manager usually has a formal position and plans, organizes, directs, etc., in order to control individuals. A leader, on the other hand, exerts influence on individuals in order to achieve something. A manager is usually more focused upon short term goals, while a leader is focused upon a longer term personal vision.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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    <item>
      <title>HR Simulation: The Golden Ratio</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/08/hr_simulation_the_golden_ratio</link>
      <description>When people talk about the golden ratio, they are usually speaking about phi, the irrational number. Images using this number...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/11/08/hr_simulation_the_golden_ratio</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Wed, 08 Nov 2006 19:09:32 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When people talk about the golden ratio, they are usually speaking about phi, the irrational number. Images using this number are easy to spot and usually pretty well known. Some of the more popular examples are the Parthenon, the Fibonacci sequence, the Great Pyramid of Giza and the pentagram. The structures using this ratio are some of the most impressive in the world; the architects and builders took materials and used a guideline to create amazing engineering feats.</p>

<p>In business there might also be a golden ratio of sorts when it comes to Human Resources and budgets. Some of the general guidelines to using the materials provided, i.e. money, are simple enough: do not invest everything in wages, make sure to invest in safety and quality, etc. However, these guidelines are not enough. To truly be in the scope of the architects of the Parthenon and the Great Pyramid of Giza, there has to be a more refined method to the ratio of program investments planned by a Human Resources Department. But, until someone discovers the golden ratio of Human Resource budgeting, we will be left to educated guesses and some beneficial planning.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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      <title>HR Simulation: Not exactly live fire</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/12/hr_simulation_not_exactly_live_fire</link>
      <description>I enjoy watching films. Many war films that I have seen have some sort of training scenes. Some versions have...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/12/hr_simulation_not_exactly_live_fire</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2006 23:16:42 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I enjoy watching films. Many war films that I have seen have some sort of training scenes. Some versions have soldiers running obstacle courses and marching, some versions have soldiers firing rifles and practicing killing people, and the closest step in training to battle is not having you shoot a gun it is having someone fire a gun at you.</p>

<p>This might seem far from the topic of management but I feel it is a parallel to the HR Simulation. While the simulation allows students to examine the inner decisions of human resource departments it is a much better learning experience than simply talking about the theory of human resource management. However, there is a flaw. No one is shooting at us. After examining some of the top companies to work for I have noticed that they all have some sort of strong corporate culture that instills something in its employees that appears to motivate them and allow them to grow. Sadly, I have no idea how to add this to the simulation. I have no method of incorporating words into numerical calculations that a computer could return with respect to employee views. So, until that day I will practice with my rifle and techniques and wait for the bullets.</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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      <title>Leadership: Some styles work and some do not</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/12/leadership_some_styles_work_and_some_do_not</link>
      <description>After going to a few leadership seminars and programs I feel like I have at least briefly examined what a...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/12/leadership_some_styles_work_and_some_do_not</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2006 23:00:53 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After going to a few leadership seminars and programs I feel like I have at least briefly examined what a leader should do in some situations. However, I do not think I really know how to be an excellent leader. I remember the basics of being a leader: lead by example, help people when needed, be honest, hold everyone accountable, trust others, etc. Following these simple instructions are not always the way to become a great leader. I think everyone’s own leadership style is heavily dependent upon their individual personalities.</p>

<p>When someone appears to be rude, it is hard to be in the top categories of leadership. Even if the person is not rude at all, appearances are crucial. I would almost go so far as to say you might have a better chance being an actor in order to be a great leader. Or, the answer might be more down to Earth - not everyone is meant to be a great leader.<br />
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      <title>Networking: How Business Succeeds</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/12/networking_how_business_succeeds</link>
      <description>I remember from one of the seminars the Career Center has hosted that approximately 80% of jobs in the country...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/12/networking_how_business_succeeds</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2006 22:23:56 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I remember from one of the seminars the Career Center has hosted that approximately 80% of jobs in the country are filled from networking and personal contacts. This means that when posting your resume on websites like Monster.com you are only applying to at most approximately 20% of the possible jobs on the market and you do not even see the other 80% (approximately) of the possible jobs. So the logical question arising from this is how do I get to know more people? My answer, aside from going out and randomly talking to people who might be helpful, is I have no idea.</p>

<p>It might be out of pure chance that who you know now can help you in the future. However, this can not be the only way. Maybe it is important to be an outgoing friendly person. Maybe you need to attend panels and lectures on the topics you wish to pursue as a career and seek out the speakers afterwards. Maybe you just need to be involved in everything on campus so everyone becomes a contact. Most of these ideas seem like horrible answers. So, to provide a proper answer I would suggest going to the Career Center.<br />
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      <title>Leadership and Conflict: Part of the Sysfunctional Team</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/12/leadership_and_conflict_part_of_the_sysfunctional_team</link>
      <description>After examining the pyramid diagram of &quot;The Five Dysfunctions of a Team&quot; I felt at first that the structure seemed...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/12/leadership_and_conflict_part_of_the_sysfunctional_team</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2006 21:51:49 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>After examining the pyramid diagram of "The Five Dysfunctions of a Team" I felt at first that the structure seemed clear. However, after further examination I am no longer sure of this. Starting from the base and working up to the top the dysfunctions are: absence of trust, fear of conflict, lack of commitment, avoidance of accountability and inattention to results. Two of these steps, fear of conflict and avoidance of accountability, seem to have a common foundation. This foundation is part of the core of most people, the need to harmonize; or, as seen from a different perspective, the avoidance of discord. </p>

<p>This lack of interaction that might lead to happiness reminds me of a story I was once told. A woman in New York City was followed by a suspicious man for a few blocks, however, it was not long before the man ran up to her and stabbed her many times. This was done in the middle of the afternoon on a fairly populated street. She was some how able to escape while yelling for help. It was not long before the man caught back up with her and continued to stab her. She again yelled for help but her fate was sealed and she was killed.</p>

<p>The point of this story is that no one called the police because everyone thought someone else would do it. However, that is not the only message in this story. The fact is that no one went to stop the man from killing the woman and it seems improbable that over the distance of a few blocks no one was of the physical strength or ability to help the woman. Which means someone probably could have helped stop the man from killing the woman but chose not to. I understand that a situation like this is daunting but it is also an avoidance of discord.<br />
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      <title>Communication: Informal Channels</title>
      <link>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/01/communication_informal_channels</link>
      <description>A lot of emphasis is placed on formal writing styles and formal communication. However, informal communication can be as important...</description>
      <guid>http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/2006/10/01/communication_informal_channels</guid>
      
        <category domain="http://blog.case.edu/ledezma/mgmt250/index">MGMT250</category>
      
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">case</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">cwru</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western</category>
      <category domain="http://www.case.edu">Case Western Reserve University</category>
	  <pubDate>Sun, 01 Oct 2006 22:30:35 EST</pubDate>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A lot of emphasis is placed on formal writing styles and formal communication. However, informal communication can be as important as or possibly more important than formal communication. Informal communication can serve as useful functions in helping to create friendly relationships with co-workers, making sense out of unclear instructions and also helping to relieve anxieties. Creating friendly relationships can also lay the groundwork for possible group development. While informal communication is very useful both forms of communication are required for a business to succeed. However, what if a company used mostly informal communication to get things done? Would informal communication succeed or fail?</p>]]></content:encoded>
	  
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